The Endocannabinoid System
It seems as though every corner now has a “CBD” shop, and every CBD product has a long list of health claims. We’ll explore the anecdotal, science and evidence-based claims in future blog posts, but for now - we’ll explore the underlying physiology that the cannabis plant works through - The Endocannabinoid System.
Cannabis is experiencing a renaissance, as it’s medicinal values are only just beginning to be discovered.
Cannabinoids are a group of naturally occurring chemicals found in the cannabis plant. The human body also produces its own cannabinoids, known as endocannabinoids. These endocannabinoids, along with their receptors and enzymes, form the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS plays a crucial role in regulating a variety of physiological processes, including mood, appetite, pain, inflammation, and immune function.
Endocannabinoids are produced on-demand in response to certain stimuli, such as stress or injury. The two main endocannabinoids are anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These molecules are synthesized by enzymes in the body and act as signaling molecules, binding to cannabinoid receptors to produce their effects.
There are two main types of cannabinoid receptors in the body: CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors. CB1 receptors are mainly found in the brain and central nervous system, while CB2 receptors are mainly found in the immune system and peripheral tissues. When endocannabinoids bind to these receptors, they can have a variety of effects, depending on the location and concentration of the receptors.
In addition to endocannabinoids and their receptors, the ECS also includes enzymes that break down endocannabinoids once they have fulfilled their function. The main enzymes involved in this process are fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL).
The ECS is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including:
Mood regulation: The ECS plays a role in regulating mood and anxiety. Endocannabinoids like anandamide can bind to CB1 receptors in the brain, producing a sense of relaxation and well-being.
Appetite regulation: The ECS also plays a role in regulating appetite. Endocannabinoids like 2-AG can bind to CB1 receptors in the brain, stimulating appetite and promoting the release of hunger hormones.
Pain regulation: The ECS is involved in regulating pain perception. Endocannabinoids like anandamide can bind to CB1 receptors in the spinal cord and brain, reducing pain signals.
Inflammation regulation: The ECS is involved in regulating inflammation. Endocannabinoids like anandamide can bind to CB2 receptors in immune cells, reducing inflammation and immune response.
Neuroprotection: The ECS is involved in protecting nerve cells from damage and promoting their survival. Endocannabinoids like anandamide can bind to CB1 receptors in the brain, protecting against oxidative stress and inflammation.
The endocannabinoid system is a complex network of signaling molecules, receptors, and enzymes that plays a crucial role in regulating a variety of physiological processes. Understanding the ECS and its role in human health and disease may lead to new treatments and therapies for a range of conditions, from anxiety and depression to chronic pain and inflammation.
If you’d like to learn more about how cannabis, acupuncture, yoga, qi gong, and more can help you on your path to well being, feel free to reach out and set up an appointment with Dr. Shamus to learn more!
